Singleton Design Pattern

Singleton pattern is one of the creational pattern.

According to GoF intent of Singleton pattern is to Ensure a class only has one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.


Code :

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Logger {
public:
    static Logger* getInstance();

private:
    Logger(){}                   //Made private don't to create object via constructor
    Logger(Logger *);            //copy constructor is private so it can't be copied
    Logger* operator=(Logger *); //Assignment operator is private

    static Logger *instance;
};

Logger* Logger::instance = NULL;

Logger* Logger::getInstance() {
    if (instance == NULL) {
        instance = new Logger();
        cout << "Creating New Object "<< endl;
    } else {
        cout << "Utilizing Existing Object " << endl;
    }
    return instance;
}

int main()
{
    Logger *inst1 = Logger::getInstance();

    Logger *inst2 = Logger::getInstance();

    Logger *inst3 = Logger::getInstance();

    return 0;
}

Output:

Creating New Object
Utilizing Existing Object
Utilizing Existing Object

LD_PRELOAD Tutorial

Dynamic linker will load the all the shared library one bye one in any order. LD_PRELOAD  is a environment variable containing libraries that the dynamic linker will load before loading any other libraries.

By using this we can override the function available in the later libraries. Even we can over ride the functions available in C programs libc libraries. Here i demonstrate the usage of LD_PRELOAD with simple example.

Simple C program named as ldmain.c 
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
        printf("PID = %d\n", getpid());
        return 0;
}

Above program will print the process id of the current process using libc function getpid.

Compile the above program using gcc compiler and run the program, it will print the process id.
sujinsr@fedo:~/workspace/c $ gcc -o main ldmain.c 

sujinsr@fedo:~/workspace/c $ ./main 

PID = 1082

Now you see how we can override the libc's getpid with our own. Write our own version of the getpid function. Here i named the file as ldpid.c

#include <stdio.h>

int getpid()

{

        printf("My own version of getpid() for testing it will return always 99999\n");

        return 99999;

}

Create the shared object of that function using gcc

sujinsr@fedo:~/workspace/c $ gcc -o ldpid.so ldpid.c -fPIC -shared 

Set the LD_PRELOAD envirnonment as new shared library we created before.

sujinsr@fedo:~/workspace/c $ export LD_PRELOAD=./ldpid.so

Run the program and see our own version of getpid called instead of libc's function.
sujinsr@fedo:~/workspace/c $ ./main 
My own version of getpid() for testing it will return always 99999
PID = 99999

If you want to remove shared library configured to LD_PRELOAD just unset the environment variable like below.
sujinsr@fedo:~/workspace/c $ unset LD_PRELOAD

sujinsr@fedo:~/workspace/c $ ./main
PID = 1638

Cheers !!!!!

hexdump command examples in linux

hexdump:

linux1machine-~/ssdir: cat dumptext.txt
aj14Qy8

Character
linux1machine-~/ssdir: hexdump -c dumptext.txt
0000000   a   j   1   4   Q   y   8  \n
0000008

Install VMWARE Tools in CentOS

1. change to root

su

2. yum install gcc

run vmware without gui

download vix api from vmware site


https://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vix-api/

VIX SDK for Linux 64-bit